Combining perturbation theory and Taylor expansion, we solve the objective function by dealing with the gradients of derived reflection coefficient. We first introduce a saturated seismic wave velocity associated with Russell fluid factor into the Zoeppritz equations to describe the saturated porous media. In a saturated isotropic medium, however, most amplitude-variations-with-offset/angle (AVO/AVA) inversion methods based on the approximate formulas affect the estimation of Russell fluid factor due to the low accuracy of the approximations in the range of moderate to large incidence angles. From the perspective of poroelasticity, Russell fluid factor is sensitive to the conventional (sand gas) and unconventional (shale gas, or tight gas) reservoirs. Fluid identification is vital to the characterization of gas-bearing reservoirs.
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